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class=\"list-paddingleft-2\">\u003Cli>客户端可以创建指定带宽的UDP 流\u003C/li>\u003Cli>测量丢包\u003C/li>\u003Cli>测量延迟\u003C/li>\u003Cli>支持多播\u003C/li>\u003Cli>当P线程可用时，支持多线程。客户端与服务端支持同时多重连接（不支持Windows）\u003C/li>\u003Cli>在适当的地方，选项中可以使用 K 和 M，使输出更友好\u003C/li>\u003Cli>可以指定运行的总时间，甚至可以设置传输的数据总量\u003C/li>\u003Cli>服务器支持多重连接，而不是等待一个单线程测试\u003C/li>\u003Cli>在指定时间间隔重复显示网络带宽，波动和丢包情况\u003C/li>\u003Cli>服务器端可作为 Windows 服务运行\u003C/li>\u003Cli>使用典型数据流来测试链接层压缩对于可用带宽的影响\u003C/li>\u003Cli>支持传送指定文件，可以定性和定量测试\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Iperf 使用方法：\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>1.安装 Iperf\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\">\u003Cli>Windows版，直接将解压出来的 iperf.exe 和 cygwin1.dll复制到%systemroot%目录即可。\u003C/li>\u003Cli>Linux版，请使用如下命令安装：\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003Cblockquote>\u003Cp>gunzip  -c iperf-<version>.tar.gz | tar -xvf     这一步是解压，根据具体情况可以灵活处理，\u003C/p>\u003Cp>cd  iperf 目录\u003C/p>\u003Cp>./configure;　　make && make install;\u003C/p>\u003C/blockquote>\u003Cp>2.使用\u003C/p>\u003Cul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\">\u003Cli>参数介绍\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003Cp>-f, –format  格式化带宽输出，就是使用标准的，K 还是 M.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-i,–interval  设置每次报告之间的时间间隔，单位为秒。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-l,–len　　　设置读写缓冲区的长度。TCP方式默认为8KB，UDP方式默认为1470字节。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-m，–print_mss 输出TCP MSS值（通过TCP_MAXSEG支持）。MSS值一般比MTU值小40字节。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-p, –port 　设置端口，与服务器端的监听端口一直，默认是5001端口，与ttcp的一样\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-u,  –udp　使用UDP方式而不是TCP方式。参看 -b 选项\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-w,　–window　设置套接字缓冲区为指定大小。对于TCP方式，此设置为TCP窗口大小。对于UDP方式，此设置为接收UDP 数据包的缓冲区大小，限制可以接收数据包的最大值。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-B， –bind host　绑定到主机的多个地址中的一个。对于客户端来说，这个参数设置了出栈接口。对于服务器端来说，这个参数设置入栈接口。这个参数只用于具有多网络接口的主机。在 Iperf 的UDP 模式下，此参数用于绑定和加入一个多播组。使用范围 224.0.0.0 至239.255.255.255的多播地址。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-C， –compatibility　与低版本的Iperf 使用时，可以使用兼容模式。不需要两端同时使用兼容模式，但是强烈推荐两端同时使用兼容模式。某些情况下，使用某些数据流可以引起1.7版本的服务器端崩溃或引起非预期的连接尝试。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-M， –mss　通过TCP_MAXSEG选项尝试设置TCP 最大信息段的值。MSS值的大小通常是TCP/IP头减去 40字节。在以太网中，MSS值为1460字节（MTU1500字节）。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-N,　–nodelay　设置TCP无延迟选项，禁用Nagle’s 运算法则。通常情况此选项对于交互程序，例如 telnet， 是禁用的。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-V　　绑定一个IPv6地址\u003Cbr>(服务器端：$ iperf -s -V　　客户端： $ iperf -c <Server IPv6  Address > -V)\u003C/p>\u003Cp>·服务器端专用选项\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-s, –server　　Iperf 服务器模式\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-D，　　unix平台下Iperf 作为后台守护进程运行\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-R　　卸载Iperf\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-o　　重定向输出到指定文件\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-c, –client host  如果Iperf 运行在服务器模式，并且用 -c 参数指定一个主机，那么Iperf 将只接受指定主机的连接。此参数不能工作于UDP 模式。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-P， –parallel   服务器关闭之前保持的连接数。默认是0，这意味着永远接受连接\u003C/p>\u003Cp>·客户端专用选项\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-b,  –bandwidth　　UDP模式使用的带宽，单位bits/sec 。此选项与-u 选项相关，默认值是 1 Mbit/sec\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-c,  –clietn host　运行Iperf 的客户端模式，连接到指定的 Iperf 服务器端。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-d,  –dualtest  运行双测试模式。这将使服务器端反向连接到客户端，使用-L 参数中指定的端口（或默认使用客户端连接到服务器端的端口）。这些在操作的同时就立即完成了。如果你想要一个交互的测试，请尝试-r 参数。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-n，–num　传送的缓冲器数量。通常情况，Iperf 按照10秒钟发送数据。-n 参数跨越此限制，按照指定次数发送指定长度的数据，而不论该操作耗费多少时间。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-r,  –tradeoff　往复测试模式。当客户端到服务器端的测试结束时，服务器端通过 -l 选项指定的端口（或默认为客户端连接到服务器的端口），反向连接至客户端。当客户端连接终止时，反向连接随即开始。如果需要同时进行双向测试，请尝试-d 参数。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-t,  –time　设置传输的总时间。Iperf 在指定的时间内，重复的发送指定长度的数据包。默认是10秒钟。参数 -l 与 -n 选项。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-L， –listenport 指定服务器端反向连接到客户端时使用的端口。默认使用客户端连接至服务端的端口。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-P， –parallel　线程数，指定客户端与服务端之间使用的线程数。默认是1 线程。需要客户端与服务器端同时使用此参数。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-S，　–tos　　出栈数据包的服务类型。许多路由器忽略TOS字段。你可以指定这个值，使用以“0x”开始的16进制数，或以 “0” 开始的8进制数或 10进制数。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-T， –ttl　出栈多播数据包的TTL值。这本质上就是数据通过路由器的跳数。默认是1，连接本地。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-F　使用特定的数据流测量带宽，例如指定的文件。$ iperf -c <server address > -F <filename>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-I  与-F一样，由标准输入输出文件输入数据\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>实例：\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\">\u003Cli>在服务端运行 iperf\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003Cp>命令　　iperf -s  -p 12345 -i  1  -m\u003C/p>\u003Cp>以在本机端口12345上启用iperf\u003C/p>\u003Cul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\">\u003Cli>在客户端运行 iperf，输入命令 iperf -c server-ip -p server-port -i 1 -t 10 -w 20K,\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003Cp>-c：客户端模式，后接服务器ip\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-p: 后接服务器监听的端口\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-i: 设置带宽报告的时间间隔，单位为秒\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-t: 设置测试的时长，单位为秒\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-w: 设置tcp 窗口的大小，一般默认。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Interval 表示时间间隔，Transfer表示时间间隔里面传输的数据量。Bandwidth是时间间隔里的传输速率。最后一行是本次测试的统计。并可以看出平均带宽大小。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>1.测试多线程TCP\u003C/p>\u003Cp>在客户端添加 -P 参数即可测试多线程的 TCP 性能，如下为使用两个线程的测试情况。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>iperf -c  192.168.1.1 -p12345 -i 1 -t 3  -P 2\u003C/p>\u003Cp>iperf -s  -p12345 -m -i 1\u003C/p>\u003Cp>2.测试单线程UDP（默认带宽）\u003C/p>\u003Cul class=\"list-paddingleft-2\">\u003Cli>在服务端运行 iperf ， 输入命令 iperf -s -u -p12345 -i 1 以本机端口12345 上启用iperf，并运行于 UDP模式；\u003C/li>\u003Cli>在客户端运行iperf， 输入命令 iperf -c server-ip  -p  server-port -i 1  -t 10 -b, 其中参数说明如下：\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003Cp>-c: 客户端模式，后接服务器IP\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-p: 后接服务器监听的端口\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-i:设置宽带报告的时间间隔，单位为秒\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-t: 设置测试的时长，单位为秒\u003C/p>\u003Cp>-b: 设置udp的发送带宽，单位bit/s\u003C/p>\u003Cp>其中，jitter 为抖动，lost/total 为丢包数量，Datagrams 为包数量。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>1.测试单线程UDP（带宽为10Mbit/s）\u003C/p>\u003Cp>设置客户端带宽为10M即可，使用参数-b 指定。\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>2.测试UDP的双向传输\u003C/p>\u003Cp>客户端使用参数-d 以运行双测试模式，客户端会与服务端进行udp 往返测试。可以使用-L参数指定本端双测试监听的端口。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>命令： iperf -c 192.168.1.1 -p12345 -i 1 -t 3 -u -b 10m -d -l 30000\u003C/p>\u003Cp>3.测试 UDP往复传输\u003C/p>\u003Cp>与双向传输类似，使用参数 -r 以运行交互模式，仍然可以使用 -L 参数指定交互的端口\u003C/p>\u003Cp>iperf -c 192.168.1.1 -p12345 -i 1 -t 5 -u -b 10M -r -L 30000\u003C/p>\u003Cp>4.分布式测试\u003C/p>\u003Cp>使用多台电脑或使用一台电脑的多个IP 地址测试。当使用一台电脑的多个ip 地址测试时，可以使用-B 命令绑定网卡的某一个 ip 地址以测试。\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Jperf 2.0简介\u003C/strong>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Jperf 是将Iperf 命令行图形化的JAVA 程序；\u003C/p>\u003Cp>使用Jperf 程序能简化了复杂命令行参数的构造，而且它还保存测试结果，同时实时图形化显示结果。Jperf可以测试TCP和UDP 带宽质量。Jperf 可以测量最大TCP 带宽，具有多种参数和UDP 特定。Jperf 可以报告带宽，延迟抖动和数据包丢失。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>运行环境：需安装 JREjxpiinstall.exe\u003C/p>","Iperf 是一个网络性能测试工具。Iperf 可以测试TCP 和UDP 带宽质量。Iperf 可以测量最大TCP 带宽，具有多种参数和UDP 特性。\n\nIperf 可以报告带宽，延时抖动和数据包丢失。利用 Iperf 这一特性，可以用来测试一些网络设备如路由器，防火墙，交换机等的性能。\n\nIperf 还有一个图形界面程序叫做Jperf ，使用Jperf 程序简化了复杂命令行参数的构造，而且它还保存测试结果，同时实时图形化显示结果。\n\n当然，Jperf 可以测试TCP 和UDP带宽质量。Jperf 可以测量最大 TCP带宽，具有多种参数和UDP 特性。Jperf 可以报告带宽，延迟抖动和数据包丢失。\n\nLinux 环境下，可以提高测试准确性。\n\n \n\n**Iperf 功能介绍：**\n\n1）TCP\n\n- 测量网络带宽\n- 报告 MSS/MTU 值的大小和观测值\n- 支持TCP 窗口值通过套接字缓冲\n- 当P 线程或 Win32 线程可用时，支持多线程。客户端与服务端支持同时多重连接\n\n2）UDP\n\n- 客户端可以创建指定带宽的UDP 流\n- 测量丢包\n- 测量延迟\n- 支持多播\n- 当P线程可用时，支持多线程。客户端与服务端支持同时多重连接（不支持Windows）\n- 在适当的地方，选项中可以使用 K 和 M，使输出更友好\n- 可以指定运行的总时间，甚至可以设置传输的数据总量\n- 服务器支持多重连接，而不是等待一个单线程测试\n- 在指定时间间隔重复显示网络带宽，波动和丢包情况\n- 服务器端可作为 Windows 服务运行\n- 使用典型数据流来测试链接层压缩对于可用带宽的影响\n- 支持传送指定文件，可以定性和定量测试\n\n**Iperf 使用方法：**\n\n**1.安装 Iperf**\n\n- Windows版，直接将解压出来的 iperf.exe 和 cygwin1.dll复制到%systemroot%目录即可。\n- Linux版，请使用如下命令安装：\n\n> gunzip  -c iperf-.tar.gz | tar -xvf     这一步是解压，根据具体情况可以灵活处理，cd  iperf 目录./configure;　　make && make install;\n\n2.使用\n\n- 参数介绍\n\n-f, –format  格式化带宽输出，就是使用标准的，K 还是 M.\n\n-i,–interval  设置每次报告之间的时间间隔，单位为秒。\n\n-l,–len　　　设置读写缓冲区的长度。TCP方式默认为8KB，UDP方式默认为1470字节。\n\n-m，–print_mss 输出TCP MSS值（通过TCP_MAXSEG支持）。MSS值一般比MTU值小40字节。\n\n-p, –port 　设置端口，与服务器端的监听端口一直，默认是5001端口，与ttcp的一样\n\n-u,  –udp　使用UDP方式而不是TCP方式。参看 -b 选项\n\n-w,　–window　设置套接字缓冲区为指定大小。对于TCP方式，此设置为TCP窗口大小。对于UDP方式，此设置为接收UDP 数据包的缓冲区大小，限制可以接收数据包的最大值。\n\n-B， –bind host　绑定到主机的多个地址中的一个。对于客户端来说，这个参数设置了出栈接口。对于服务器端来说，这个参数设置入栈接口。这个参数只用于具有多网络接口的主机。在 Iperf 的UDP 模式下，此参数用于绑定和加入一个多播组。使用范围 224.0.0.0 至239.255.255.255的多播地址。\n\n-C， –compatibility　与低版本的Iperf 使用时，可以使用兼容模式。不需要两端同时使用兼容模式，但是强烈推荐两端同时使用兼容模式。某些情况下，使用某些数据流可以引起1.7版本的服务器端崩溃或引起非预期的连接尝试。\n\n-M， –mss　通过TCP_MAXSEG选项尝试设置TCP 最大信息段的值。MSS值的大小通常是TCP/IP头减去 40字节。在以太网中，MSS值为1460字节（MTU1500字节）。\n\n-N,　–nodelay　设置TCP无延迟选项，禁用Nagle’s 运算法则。通常情况此选项对于交互程序，例如 telnet， 是禁用的。\n\n-V　　绑定一个IPv6地址\n(服务器端：$ iperf -s -V　　客户端： $ iperf -c  -V)\n\n·服务器端专用选项\n\n-s, –server　　Iperf 服务器模式\n\n-D，　　unix平台下Iperf 作为后台守护进程运行\n\n-R　　卸载Iperf\n\n-o　　重定向输出到指定文件\n\n-c, –client host  如果Iperf 运行在服务器模式，并且用 -c 参数指定一个主机，那么Iperf 将只接受指定主机的连接。此参数不能工作于UDP 模式。\n\n-P， –parallel   服务器关闭之前保持的连接数。默认是0，这意味着永远接受连接\n\n·客户端专用选项\n\n-b,  –bandwidth　　UDP模式使用的带宽，单位bits/sec 。此选项与-u 选项相关，默认值是 1 Mbit/sec\n\n-c,  –clietn host　运行Iperf 的客户端模式，连接到指定的 Iperf 服务器端。\n\n-d,  –dualtest  运行双测试模式。这将使服务器端反向连接到客户端，使用-L 参数中指定的端口（或默认使用客户端连接到服务器端的端口）。这些在操作的同时就立即完成了。如果你想要一个交互的测试，请尝试-r 参数。\n\n-n，–num　传送的缓冲器数量。通常情况，Iperf 按照10秒钟发送数据。-n 参数跨越此限制，按照指定次数发送指定长度的数据，而不论该操作耗费多少时间。\n\n-r,  –tradeoff　往复测试模式。当客户端到服务器端的测试结束时，服务器端通过 -l 选项指定的端口（或默认为客户端连接到服务器的端口），反向连接至客户端。当客户端连接终止时，反向连接随即开始。如果需要同时进行双向测试，请尝试-d 参数。\n\n-t,  –time　设置传输的总时间。Iperf 在指定的时间内，重复的发送指定长度的数据包。默认是10秒钟。参数 -l 与 -n 选项。\n\n-L， –listenport 指定服务器端反向连接到客户端时使用的端口。默认使用客户端连接至服务端的端口。\n\n-P， –parallel　线程数，指定客户端与服务端之间使用的线程数。默认是1 线程。需要客户端与服务器端同时使用此参数。\n\n-S，　–tos　　出栈数据包的服务类型。许多路由器忽略TOS字段。你可以指定这个值，使用以“0x”开始的16进制数，或以 “0” 开始的8进制数或 10进制数。\n\n-T， –ttl　出栈多播数据包的TTL值。这本质上就是数据通过路由器的跳数。默认是1，连接本地。\n\n-F　使用特定的数据流测量带宽，例如指定的文件。$ iperf -c  -F\n\n-I  与-F一样，由标准输入输出文件输入数据\n\n**实例：**\n\n- 在服务端运行 iperf\n\n命令　　iperf -s  -p 12345 -i  1  -m\n\n以在本机端口12345上启用iperf\n\n- 在客户端运行 iperf，输入命令 iperf -c server-ip -p server-port -i 1 -t 10 -w 20K,\n\n-c：客户端模式，后接服务器ip\n\n-p: 后接服务器监听的端口\n\n-i: 设置带宽报告的时间间隔，单位为秒\n\n-t: 设置测试的时长，单位为秒\n\n-w: 设置tcp 窗口的大小，一般默认。\n\nInterval 表示时间间隔，Transfer表示时间间隔里面传输的数据量。Bandwidth是时间间隔里的传输速率。最后一行是本次测试的统计。并可以看出平均带宽大小。\n\n1.测试多线程TCP\n\n在客户端添加 -P 参数即可测试多线程的 TCP 性能，如下为使用两个线程的测试情况。\n\niperf -c  192.168.1.1 -p12345 -i 1 -t 3  -P 2\n\niperf -s  -p12345 -m -i 1\n\n2.测试单线程UDP（默认带宽）\n\n- 在服务端运行 iperf ， 输入命令 iperf -s -u -p12345 -i 1 以本机端口12345 上启用iperf，并运行于 UDP模式；\n- 在客户端运行iperf， 输入命令 iperf -c server-ip  -p  server-port -i 1  -t 10 -b, 其中参数说明如下：\n\n-c: 客户端模式，后接服务器IP\n\n-p: 后接服务器监听的端口\n\n-i:设置宽带报告的时间间隔，单位为秒\n\n-t: 设置测试的时长，单位为秒\n\n-b: 设置udp的发送带宽，单位bit/s\n\n其中，jitter 为抖动，lost/total 为丢包数量，Datagrams 为包数量。\n\n1.测试单线程UDP（带宽为10Mbit/s）\n\n设置客户端带宽为10M即可，使用参数-b 指定。\n\n \n\n2.测试UDP的双向传输\n\n客户端使用参数-d 以运行双测试模式，客户端会与服务端进行udp 往返测试。可以使用-L参数指定本端双测试监听的端口。\n\n命令： iperf -c 192.168.1.1 -p12345 -i 1 -t 3 -u -b 10m -d -l 30000\n\n3.测试 UDP往复传输\n\n与双向传输类似，使用参数 -r 以运行交互模式，仍然可以使用 -L 参数指定交互的端口\n\niperf -c 192.168.1.1 -p12345 -i 1 -t 5 -u -b 10M -r -L 30000\n\n4.分布式测试\n\n使用多台电脑或使用一台电脑的多个IP 地址测试。当使用一台电脑的多个ip 地址测试时，可以使用-B 命令绑定网卡的某一个 ip 地址以测试。\n\n \n\n**Jperf 2.0简介**\n\nJperf 是将Iperf 命令行图形化的JAVA 程序；\n\n使用Jperf 程序能简化了复杂命令行参数的构造，而且它还保存测试结果，同时实时图形化显示结果。Jperf可以测试TCP和UDP 带宽质量。Jperf 可以测量最大TCP 带宽，具有多种参数和UDP 特定。Jperf 可以报告带宽，延迟抖动和数据包丢失。\n\n运行环境：需安装 JREjxpiinstall.exe","/article/65",4563,"2018-07-22 14:00:59","2018-10-22 14:01:37",[156,157,158],{"id":39,"name":81,"url":82},{"id":44,"name":23,"url":59},{"id":145,"name":146,"url":151},{"create_time":6,"description":6,"id":44,"image_url":6,"index_template":52,"is_cover":53,"is_menu":53,"keywords":6,"list_template":54,"model_code":55,"model_id":56,"model_name":57,"name":23,"parent_id":39,"seo_description":6,"seo_keywords":6,"seo_title":6,"show_template":58,"sort":53,"subtitle":6,"update_time":6,"url":59},{"title":161,"url":162},"在 CentOS 7 中 使用HHVM 替换php-fpm","/article/66",{"title":164,"url":165},"kvm虚拟化管理平台WebVirtMgr部署","/article/64",[167,168,169,170],{"create_time":6,"description":6,"id":44,"image_url":6,"index_template":52,"is_cover":53,"is_menu":53,"keywords":6,"list_template":54,"model_code":55,"model_id":56,"model_name":57,"name":23,"parent_id":39,"seo_description":6,"seo_keywords":6,"seo_title":6,"show_template":58,"sort":53,"subtitle":6,"update_time":6,"url":59},{"create_time":6,"description":6,"id":45,"image_url":6,"index_template":52,"is_cover":53,"is_menu":53,"keywords":6,"list_template":54,"model_code":55,"model_id":56,"model_name":57,"name":61,"parent_id":39,"seo_description":6,"seo_keywords":6,"seo_title":6,"show_template":58,"sort":56,"subtitle":6,"update_time":6,"url":62},{"create_time":6,"description":6,"id":46,"image_url":6,"index_template":52,"is_cover":53,"is_menu":53,"keywords":6,"list_template":54,"model_code":55,"model_id":56,"model_name":57,"name":64,"parent_id":39,"seo_description":6,"seo_keywords":6,"seo_title":6,"show_template":58,"sort":65,"subtitle":6,"update_time":6,"url":66},{"create_time":6,"description":6,"id":47,"image_url":6,"index_template":52,"is_cover":53,"is_menu":53,"keywords":6,"list_template":54,"model_code":55,"model_id":56,"model_name":57,"name":68,"parent_id":39,"seo_description":6,"seo_keywords":6,"seo_title":6,"show_template":58,"sort":69,"subtitle":6,"update_time":6,"url":70},{"description":148,"keywords":147,"title":146},[173,182,191,200,209,218,227,236,245,253],{"id":174,"category_id":44,"title":175,"keywords":176,"description":177,"image_url":6,"url":178,"hits":179,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":180,"update_time":181},101,"开启 HTTPS 并获得 ssllabs 满分的过程","开启,获得,满分,过程","准备工作确保你要申请证书的域名都解析到了这台服务器上，且能直接通过域名访问。使用官网推荐的CertBot获取证书。在CertBot官网选择一下环境(比如我选Nginx on Ubuntu 17.04)就可以看到入门教程了。安装CertBot12345apt-get updateapt-get install software-properties-commonadd-apt-repository ppa:certbot/certbotapt-get updateapt-get","/article/101",18546,"2019-11-26 16:12:11","2019-11-26 16:23:16",{"id":183,"category_id":44,"title":184,"keywords":185,"description":186,"image_url":6,"url":187,"hits":188,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":189,"update_time":190},113,"在CentOS 7中添加命令自动补全功能","命令自动补全,centos","在CentOS 7中，默认情况下并不会安装命令补全包，需要手动安装才能使用命令补全功能。以下是在CentOS 7中安装命令补全包的方法：1. bash-completion：这是一个针对Bash shell的命令补全软件包，可以提供对系统命令、用户自定义命令和文件路径的自动补全功能。可以通过以下命令安装：```sudo yum install bash-completion```安装完成后，需要在/etc/profile配置文件中添加以下内容：```if [ -f /etc/bash_compl","/article/113",14948,"2023-05-16 10:54:01","2023-05-16 10:57:28",{"id":192,"category_id":44,"title":193,"keywords":194,"description":195,"image_url":6,"url":196,"hits":197,"is_recommend":53,"is_top":73,"create_time":198,"update_time":199},94,"Centos7 安装 openvas ","openvas,开放式漏洞评估系统，installing openvas centos-7","一、描述OpenVAS，即开放式漏洞评估系统，是一个用于评估目标漏洞的杰出框架。功能十分强大，最重要的是，它是“开源”的——就是免费的意思啦～它与著名的Nessus“本是同根生”，在Nessus商业化之后仍然坚持开源，号称“当前最好用的开源漏洞扫描工具”。最新版的Kali Linux(kali 3.0)不再自带OpenVAS了，所以我们要自己部署OpenVAS漏洞检测系统。其核心部件是一个服务器，包括一套网络漏洞测试程序，可以检测远程系统和应用程序中的安全问题。但是它的最常用用途是检测目标网络或","/article/94",14690,"2019-01-14 17:43:42","2019-01-14 18:16:36",{"id":201,"category_id":44,"title":202,"keywords":203,"description":204,"image_url":6,"url":205,"hits":206,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":207,"update_time":208},99,"Centos7 利用iptables防止nmap工具防端口扫描","iptables","一、Nmap介绍       Nmap（NetworkMapper）是一款开放源代码的网络探测和安全审核工具。它用于快速扫描一个网络和一台主机开放的端口，还能使用TCP/IP协议栈特征探测远程主机的操作系统类型。nmap支持很多扫描技术，例如：UDP、TCPconnect()、TCPSYN(半开扫描)、ftp代理(bounce攻击)、反向标志、ICMP、FIN、ACK扫描、圣诞树(XmasTree)、SYN扫描和null扫描。Nmap最初是用于Unix系统","/article/99",14415,"2019-07-09 21:27:00","2019-07-09 21:57:53",{"id":210,"category_id":46,"title":211,"keywords":212,"description":213,"image_url":6,"url":214,"hits":215,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":216,"update_time":217},61,"Docker 推荐的启动方式","推荐,启动,方式","# cat DockerfileFROM openjdk:8-alpineWORKDIR /ADD ./target/*.jar app.jarEXPOSE 9999COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /RUN chmod +x /docker-entrypoint.shENTRYPOINT [“/docker-entrypoint.sh”]CMD [“java”,”-server”,”-Duser.timezone=GMT+08″,”-jar”,”/app.jar”]# cat","/article/61",14347,"2018-10-22 13:55:47","2018-10-22 13:56:10",{"id":219,"category_id":44,"title":220,"keywords":221,"description":222,"image_url":6,"url":223,"hits":224,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":225,"update_time":226},107,"Acme.sh 给 SSL 证书自动续期失败的解决方法","HTTP/1.1 200 OK,Server: Bayou Tech Web Srv 1.0,Content-Encoding: none,Content-Length: 5,Content-Type","一、Acme.sh 自动续期失败的症状问题描述如下，续期的时候，提示如下错误：root@dc:~# \"/data/acme.sh\"/acme.sh --cron --home \"/data/acme.sh\" > /dev/null[Sun Nov 10 23:52:17 CST 2020] Error, can not get domain token entry example.com[Sun Nov 10 23:52:17 CST 2020] Please check log file","/article/107",12618,"2021-09-03 10:44:18","2021-09-03 10:46:23",{"id":228,"category_id":44,"title":229,"keywords":230,"description":231,"image_url":6,"url":232,"hits":233,"is_recommend":53,"is_top":73,"create_time":234,"update_time":235},93,"ELK+Filebeat+Kafka+ZooKeeper 构建海量日志分析平台","Filebeat,Kafka","一、说明1.Filebeat是一个日志文件托运工具，在你的服务器上安装客户端后，filebeat会监控日志目录或者指定的日志文件，追踪读取这些文件（追踪文件的变化，不停的读）2.Kafka是一种高吞吐量的分布式发布订阅消息系统，它可以处理消费者规模的网站中的所有动作流数据3.Logstash是一根具备实时数据传输能力的管道，负责将数据信息从管道的输入端传输到管道的输出端；与此同时这根管道还可以让你根据自己的需求在中间加上滤网，Logstash提供里很多功能强大的滤网以满足你的各种应用场景4.El","/article/93",12190,"2018-12-24 16:40:08","2018-12-26 11:53:38",{"id":237,"category_id":46,"title":238,"keywords":239,"description":240,"image_url":6,"url":241,"hits":242,"is_recommend":53,"is_top":73,"create_time":243,"update_time":244},81,"kubernetes 1.12.1 高可用安装之部署Dashboard","安装Dashboard","创建Dashboard需要CoreDNS部署成功之后再安装Dashboard。[root@master01 ~]# wget https://zhl123.com/download/k8s/Dashboard.tgz[root@master01 ~]# tar xf Dashboard.tgz[root@master01 ~]# kubectl create -f Dashboard/[root@master01 Dashboard]# kubectl get svc -n kube-syste","/article/81",12037,"2018-10-26 09:54:41","2018-10-26 16:59:19",{"id":246,"category_id":44,"title":247,"keywords":6,"description":248,"image_url":6,"url":249,"hits":250,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":251,"update_time":252},100,"用 Nginx 给 Cookie 增加 Secure 和 HttpOnly","在 nginx 的 location 中配置12# 只支持 proxy 模式下设置，SameSite 不需要可删除，如果想更安全可以把 SameSite 设置为 Strictproxy_cookie_path / \"/; httponly; secure; SameSite=Lax\";示例1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526server {    listen 443 ssl http2;    server_name www.zhl123.cn","/article/100",11848,"2019-11-26 16:10:57","2019-11-26 16:23:45",{"id":254,"category_id":44,"title":255,"keywords":256,"description":257,"image_url":6,"url":258,"hits":259,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":260,"update_time":261},41,"Tomcat 安全配置与性能优化","tomcat，性能优化","1. JVM 1.1. 使用 Server JRE 替代JDK。 服务器上不要安装JDK，请使用 Server JRE. 服务器上根本不需要编译器，代码应该在Release服务器上完成编译打包工作。 理由：一旦服务器被控制，可以防止在其服务器上编译其他恶意代码并植入到你的程序中。 1.2. JAVA_OPTS export JAVA_OPTS=\"-server -Xms512m -Xmx4096m  -XX:PermSize=64M -","/article/41",11623,"2016-09-01 17:06:36","2018-10-18 17:06:58",[263,271,279,287,295,303,311,319,328,337],{"id":264,"category_id":40,"title":265,"keywords":6,"description":266,"image_url":6,"url":267,"hits":268,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":269,"update_time":270},123,"Agent Skill 精选集：最值得收藏的 Agent Skills Top 10","如果你正在用 Claude Code 或 Codex，一定对 Agent Skills 不陌生。通过安装 Agent Skills，你可以让这些 AI 助手变得更强——不用每次都解释你的需求，它们直接就知道该怎么做。最近有人在 GitHub 上做了一个采样调查，统计了哪些 Skills 的质量最佳和最受欢迎。我整理了这份 Top 10 榜单，加上使用场景和适合人群，帮你快速找到最有用的那几个。Top 10 最受欢迎的 Agent Skills1. Skil","/article/123",270,"2026-01-19 18:49:12","2026-01-19 18:52:01",{"id":272,"category_id":44,"title":273,"keywords":6,"description":274,"image_url":6,"url":275,"hits":276,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":277,"update_time":278},122,"Nginx性能调优18条黄金法则：支撑10万并发的配置模板","一、概述1.1 背景介绍说实话，Nginx调优这事儿我踩过无数坑。记得2019年双11，我们电商平台流量暴涨，Nginx直接扛不住了，QPS从平时的2万飙升到8万，响应时间从50ms飙到了2秒，最后还是靠临时加机器扛过去的。那次事故之后，我花了大半年时间专门研究Nginx的性能极限，总结出了这20条黄金法则。Nginx作为目前最流行的Web服务器和反向代理，官方数据显示单机可以轻松处理10万+的并发连接。但实际生产环境中，很多同学拿到默认配置就直接上了，结果发现连1万并发都扛不住。问题不在Ngi","/article/122",337,"2026-01-12 11:11:50","2026-01-12 11:12:28",{"id":280,"category_id":46,"title":281,"keywords":6,"description":282,"image_url":6,"url":283,"hits":284,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":285,"update_time":286},121,"Docker 镜像优化与安全扫描：将镜像体积压缩 70%","1. 适用场景 & 前置条件项目要求适用场景容器化应用镜像体积过大（> 500MB），构建时间长（> 10分钟），存在安全漏洞（CVE高危）OSRHEL/CentOS 7.9+ 或 Ubuntu 20.04+内核Linux Kernel 3.10+软件版本Docker 20.10+ 或 Podman 3.0+，Trivy 0.40+（安全扫描工具）资源规格2C4G（最小）/ 4C8G（推荐），磁盘 50GB+（存储镜像与缓存）网络可访问 Docker Hub/阿里云镜像仓库（","/article/121",309,"2026-01-06 11:54:35","2026-01-06 12:01:59",{"id":288,"category_id":44,"title":289,"keywords":6,"description":290,"image_url":6,"url":291,"hits":292,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":293,"update_time":294},120,"用 Prometheus Recording Rules 把告警噪声砍掉 70%(二)","五、故障排查和监控5.1 故障排查◆ 5.1.1 日志查看# 查看 Prometheus 日志中的规则评估错误journalctl -u prometheus | grep -i \"rule\" | tail -50# 查看规则评估耗时curl -s http://localhost:9090/api/v1/rules | jq '.data.groups[].rules[] | select(.health != \"ok\")'# Kubernet","/article/120",282,"2026-01-06 11:53:50","2026-01-06 11:54:33",{"id":296,"category_id":44,"title":297,"keywords":6,"description":298,"image_url":6,"url":299,"hits":300,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":301,"update_time":302},119,"用 Prometheus Recording Rules 把告警噪声砍掉 70%(一)","一、概述1.1 背景介绍在大规模微服务架构下，Prometheus 告警系统往往会陷入一个尴尬的境地：告警太多，运维团队开始选择性忽略；告警太少，真正的故障又可能漏掉。我在某电商平台负责监控体系建设时，团队每天要处理超过 2000 条告警，其中 70% 以上是重复的、关联的或者短暂抖动产生的噪声。Recording Rules 是 Prometheus 提供的预计算机制，可以将复杂的查询表达式预先计算并存储为新的时间序列。通过合理设计 Recording Rules，我们不仅能显著降低 Prom","/article/119",301,"2026-01-06 11:51:58","2026-01-06 11:53:45",{"id":304,"category_id":44,"title":305,"keywords":6,"description":306,"image_url":6,"url":307,"hits":308,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":309,"update_time":310},118,"GitOps 落地实践：ArgoCD + Kustomize 实现声明式基础设施管理(二)","四、最佳实践和注意事项4.1 最佳实践4.1.1 性能优化优化点一：减少 Git 轮询频率# argocd-cm ConfigMapapiVersion: v1kind: ConfigMapmetadata:  name: argocd-cm  namespace: argocddata:  timeout.reconciliation: 300s  # 默认 180","/article/118",305,"2026-01-06 11:49:00","2026-01-06 11:49:34",{"id":312,"category_id":44,"title":313,"keywords":6,"description":314,"image_url":6,"url":315,"hits":316,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":317,"update_time":318},117,"GitOps 落地实践：ArgoCD + Kustomize 实现声明式基础设施管理(一)","一、概述1.1 背景介绍GitOps 作为云原生时代的运维范式，将 Git 作为基础设施和应用配置的单一事实来源，通过声明式配置和自动化同步机制，实现了配置管理的版本控制、审计追溯和快速回滚。ArgoCD 作为 CNCF 毕业项目，提供了完整的 GitOps 工作流，支持多集群管理、RBAC 权限控制、SSO 集成等企业级特性。结合 Kustomize 的配置管理能力，能够优雅地解决多环境配置差异、敏感信息管理、配置复用等问题。在传统的 CI/CD 流程中，往往由 CI 工具直接执行 kubec","/article/117",310,"2026-01-06 11:45:03","2026-01-06 11:48:56",{"id":320,"category_id":40,"title":321,"keywords":322,"description":323,"image_url":6,"url":324,"hits":325,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":326,"update_time":327},116,"运维部门年度2025工作总结与2026工作规划应该如何写？","运维部门年度2025工作总结,2026工作规划","2025年，运维部在公司“数字化转型深化”战略引领下，以“稳定为基、效率为纲、安全为盾、创新为翼”为核心导向，全面支撑核心业务系统运行、推动技术架构迭代、强化团队能力建设。 全年实现核心业务系统可用性99.985%，较2024年提升0.02个百分点；故障平均恢复时间（MTTR）从42分钟压缩至29分钟，下降31%；云资源成本同比降低16.8%，自动化运维覆盖率从65%提升至83%，未发生重大生产安全事故，圆满完成年度目标。现将全年工作及2026年规划汇报如下：2025年核心工作成果（数","/article/116",297,"2026-01-06 11:20:58","2026-01-06 11:44:04",{"id":329,"category_id":40,"title":330,"keywords":331,"description":332,"image_url":6,"url":333,"hits":334,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":335,"update_time":336},115,"Kubernetes 100个常用命令","100 个 Kubectl 命令","这篇文章是关于使用 Kubectl 进行 Kubernetes 诊断的指南。列出了 100 个 Kubectl 命令，这些命令对于诊断 Kubernetes 集群中的问题非常有用。这些问题包括但不限于：• 集群信息• Pod 诊断• 服务诊断• 部署诊断• 网络诊断• 持久卷和持久卷声明诊断• 资源使用情况• 安全和授权• 节点故障排除• 其他诊断命令：文章还提到了许多其他命令，如资源扩展和自动扩","/article/115",3642,"2023-11-02 14:09:30","2023-11-02 14:10:05",{"id":183,"category_id":44,"title":184,"keywords":185,"description":186,"image_url":6,"url":187,"hits":188,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":189,"update_time":190},1784716029281]