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class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>% /dev/shm\ntmpfs          tmpfs     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">43\u003C/span>M  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">878\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">5\u003C/span>% /run\ntmpfs          tmpfs     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/vdb       xfs       \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">100\u003C/span>G   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">11\u003C/span>G   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">90\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">11\u003C/span>% /data\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003Ch3 id=\"h3_2\">2、备份fstab和迁移已有的文件\u003C/h3>\u003Cp>其中主要的步骤如下：\u003C/p>\u003Cp>（1） 首先，备份fstab文件 sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.$(date +%Y-%m-%d)\u003C/p>\u003Cp>（2） 停止docker， 用rsync同步/var/lib/docker到新位置.\u003C/p>\u003Cp>       如果rsync没有安装，则使用yum -y intall rsync 进行安装，停止docker ,service docker stop,在数据分区中建立要挂载的目录，mkdir /data/docker 使用rsync工具同步，\u003Cspan>\u003Cs>rsync -aXS /var/lib/docker/.  /data/docker/\u003C/s>\u003C/span>，这可能需要花费的较长的时间，取决于/var/lib/docker的大小。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan>\u003Cspan>在使用overlay文件系统的Docker上面，会出现数据快速膨胀的问题。\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003Cbr>解决办法，使用下面的方法复制文件：\u003Cbr>\u003Cspan>\u003Cspan>    rsync -avPHSX /var/lib/docker /new/partition/\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003Cbr>解释：\u003C/p>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>-a，档案模式。\u003C/li>\u003Cli>-v，显示详细信息。\u003C/li>\u003Cli>-P，显示进度。\u003C/li>\u003Cli>-H，处理Hardlink为Hardlink，关键！\u003C/li>\u003Cli>-S，稀疏文件优化处理。\u003C/li>\u003Cli>-X，保留所有属性。\u003C/li>\u003C/ul>\u003Ch3 id=\"h3_3\">3、修改fstab，然后重新挂载\u003C/h3>\u003Cp>修改fstab 在该文件中把下面一行添加到fstab里，将新位置挂载到 /var/lib/docker /data/docker /var/lib/docker  none bind 0 0 文件的内如如下：\u003C/p>\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"hljs shell\">[root@10-10-63-106 docker]# cat /etc/fstab \n\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-meta\">#\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"bash\">\u003C/span>\n\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-meta\">#\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"bash\"> /etc/fstab\u003C/span>\n\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-meta\">#\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"bash\"> Created by anaconda on Thu Jul 31 07:50:13 2014\u003C/span>\n\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-meta\">#\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"bash\">\u003C/span>\n\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-meta\">#\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"bash\"> Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-string\">'/dev/disk'\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\n\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-meta\">#\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"bash\"> See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-keyword\">for\u003C/span> more info\u003C/span>\n\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-meta\">#\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"bash\">\u003C/span>\n/dev/vda1                  /                       xfs     errors=remount-ro 0 1\n/swapfile                none                    swap    defaults        0 0\n/dev/vdb /data xfs defaults,noatime 0 0\n/data/docker /var/lib/docker  none bind 0 0\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003Cp>（4）重新挂载 mount –a\u003C/p>\u003Cp>（5）使用下面的命令检查一下  \u003C/p>\u003Cp>df\u003C/p>\u003Cp>/var/lib/docker/ Filesystem    1K-blocks  Used Available Use%\u003C/p>\u003Cp>Mounted on /dev/vdb       104806400 47204 104759196   1% /var/lib/docker\u003C/p>\u003Cp>（6）进入Container查看我们的空间\u003C/p>\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"hljs coffeescript\">bash\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">-4.1\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-comment\"># df -lhT\u003C/span>\nFilesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-literal\">on\u003C/span>\nrootfs      rootfs    \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">9.8\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">1.4\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">7.9\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">15\u003C/span>% /\ntmpfs        tmpfs    \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>% /dev\nshm          tmpfs     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">64\u003C/span>M     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">64\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>% /dev/shm\n/dev/vdb       xfs    \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">100\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">2.1\u003C/span>G   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">98\u003C/span>G   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">3\u003C/span>% /etc/resolv.conf\n/dev/vdb       xfs    \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">100\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">2.1\u003C/span>G   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">98\u003C/span>G   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">3\u003C/span>% /etc/hostname\n/dev/vdb       xfs    \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">100\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">2.1\u003C/span>G   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">98\u003C/span>G   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">3\u003C/span>% /etc/hosts\ntmpfs        tmpfs    \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>% /run/secrets\ntmpfs        tmpfs    \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>% /proc/kcore\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003Cp>没有更改/var/lib/docker路径之前的情况：\u003C/p>\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"hljs coffeescript\">bash\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">-4.1\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-comment\"># df -lhT\u003C/span>\nFilesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-literal\">on\u003C/span>\nrootfs      rootfs    \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">9.8\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">1.4\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">7.9\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">15\u003C/span>% /\ntmpfs        tmpfs    \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>% /dev\nshm          tmpfs     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">64\u003C/span>M     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">64\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>% /dev/shm\n/dev/vda1      xfs     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">20\u003C/span>G   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">13\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">6.9\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">66\u003C/span>% /etc/resolv.conf\n/dev/vda1      xfs     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">20\u003C/span>G   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">13\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">6.9\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">66\u003C/span>% /etc/hostname\n/dev/vda1      xfs     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">20\u003C/span>G   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">13\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">6.9\u003C/span>G  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">66\u003C/span>% /etc/hosts\ntmpfs        tmpfs    \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>% /run/secrets\ntmpfs        tmpfs    \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>% /proc/kcore\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003Cp>宿主机中的分区大小信息：\u003C/p>\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"hljs coffeescript\">[root@\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">10\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">-10\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">-63\u003C/span>\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">-106\u003C/span> ~]\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-comment\"># df -lhT\u003C/span>\nFilesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-literal\">on\u003C/span>\n\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-regexp\">/dev/vda1      xfs        20G   13G  6.9G  65% /\u003C/span>\ndevtmpfs       devtmpfs  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">916\u003C/span>M     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">916\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>% /dev\ntmpfs          tmpfs     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>% /dev/shm\ntmpfs          tmpfs     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">89\u003C/span>M  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">832\u003C/span>M  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">10\u003C/span>% /run\ntmpfs          tmpfs     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M     \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">921\u003C/span>M   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">0\u003C/span>% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/vdb       xfs       \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">100\u003C/span>G   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">33\u003C/span>M  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">100\u003C/span>G   \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-number\">1\u003C/span>% /data\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003Ch3 id=\"h3_4\">4、总结一下，搞成个脚本来执行\u003C/h3>\u003Cpre>\u003Ccode class=\"hljs bash\">\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-comment\">#备份fstab文件\u003C/span>\nsudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.$(date +%Y-%m-%d)\n\n\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-comment\">#停止docker\u003C/span>\nsudo service docker stop\n\n\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-comment\">#/data/docker/为目标路径，根据机器情况设定。\u003C/span>\n\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-built_in\">export\u003C/span> DOCKER_PATH=/data/docker/\n\n\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-comment\">#用rsync同步/var/lib/docker到新位置\u003C/span>\nrsync -aXS /var/lib/docker/.  \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-variable\">$DOCKER_PATH\u003C/span>\n\n\u003Cspan class=\"hljs-built_in\">echo\u003C/span> \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-variable\">$DOCKER_PATH\u003C/span> /var/lib/docker  none \u003Cspan class=\"hljs-built_in\">bind\u003C/span> 0 0 >> /etc/fstab\nmount –a\ndf -h\u003C/code>\u003C/pre>\u003Cp>把上面的保存为脚本，修改里面的路径，然后添加执行权限，执行即可。\u003C/p>\u003Cp>然后重启docker(sudo service docker start)，镜像存储就使用新的路径了。\u003C/p>\u003Cp> \u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan id=\"OSC_h3_2\">\u003C/span>\u003Cspan>\u003C/span>\u003Cspan id=\"OSC_h3_3\">\u003C/span>\u003Cspan>\u003C/span>\u003Cspan id=\"OSC_h3_4\">\u003C/span>\u003Cspan>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>\u003Cp>\u003Cspan>\u003Cspan>挂载新的文件目录还可以使用软连接 ln /var/lib/docker /targetpath/docker，或者使用Docker启动参数-g path来完成。\u003C/span>\u003C/span>\u003C/p>","### 1、查看docker和文件系统\n\nDocker的镜像以及一些数据都是在/var/lib/docker目录下，它占用的是Linux的系统分区，也就是下面的/dev/vda1,当有多个镜像时，/dev/vda1的空间可能不足，我们可以把docker的数据挂载到数据盘，例如：/dev/vdb目录下。\n\n```\n[root@10-10-63-106 docker]# df -lhT\nFilesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\n/dev/vda1      xfs        20G  3.8G   16G  20% /\ndevtmpfs       devtmpfs  916M     0  916M   0% /dev\ntmpfs          tmpfs     921M     0  921M   0% /dev/shm\ntmpfs          tmpfs     921M   43M  878M   5% /run\ntmpfs          tmpfs     921M     0  921M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/vdb       xfs       100G   11G   90G  11% /data\n```\n\n### 2、备份fstab和迁移已有的文件\n\n其中主要的步骤如下：\n\n（1） 首先，备份fstab文件 sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.$(date +%Y-%m-%d)\n\n（2） 停止docker， 用rsync同步/var/lib/docker到新位置.\n\n       如果rsync没有安装，则使用yum -y intall rsync 进行安装，停止docker ,service docker stop,在数据分区中建立要挂载的目录，mkdir /data/docker 使用rsync工具同步，\n~~rsync -aXS /var/lib/docker/.  /data/docker/~~\n，这可能需要花费的较长的时间，取决于/var/lib/docker的大小。\n\n在使用overlay文件系统的Docker上面，会出现数据快速膨胀的问题。\n\n解决办法，使用下面的方法复制文件：\n\n    rsync -avPHSX /var/lib/docker /new/partition/\n\n解释：\n\n- -a，档案模式。\n- -v，显示详细信息。\n- -P，显示进度。\n- -H，处理Hardlink为Hardlink，关键！\n- -S，稀疏文件优化处理。\n- -X，保留所有属性。\n\n### 3、修改fstab，然后重新挂载\n\n修改fstab 在该文件中把下面一行添加到fstab里，将新位置挂载到 /var/lib/docker /data/docker /var/lib/docker  none bind 0 0 文件的内如如下：\n\n```\n[root@10-10-63-106 docker]# cat /etc/fstab \n#\n# /etc/fstab\n# Created by anaconda on Thu Jul 31 07:50:13 2014\n#\n# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'\n# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info\n#\n/dev/vda1                  /                       xfs     errors=remount-ro 0 1\n/swapfile                none                    swap    defaults        0 0\n/dev/vdb /data xfs defaults,noatime 0 0\n/data/docker /var/lib/docker  none bind 0 0\n```\n\n（4）重新挂载 mount –a\n\n（5）使用下面的命令检查一下  \n\ndf\n\n/var/lib/docker/ Filesystem    1K-blocks  Used Available Use%\n\nMounted on /dev/vdb       104806400 47204 104759196   1% /var/lib/docker\n\n（6）进入Container查看我们的空间\n\n```\nbash-4.1# df -lhT\nFilesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\nrootfs      rootfs    9.8G  1.4G  7.9G  15% /\ntmpfs        tmpfs    921M     0  921M   0% /dev\nshm          tmpfs     64M     0   64M   0% /dev/shm\n/dev/vdb       xfs    100G  2.1G   98G   3% /etc/resolv.conf\n/dev/vdb       xfs    100G  2.1G   98G   3% /etc/hostname\n/dev/vdb       xfs    100G  2.1G   98G   3% /etc/hosts\ntmpfs        tmpfs    921M     0  921M   0% /run/secrets\ntmpfs        tmpfs    921M     0  921M   0% /proc/kcore\n```\n\n没有更改/var/lib/docker路径之前的情况：\n\n```\nbash-4.1# df -lhT\nFilesystem    Type    Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\nrootfs      rootfs    9.8G  1.4G  7.9G  15% /\ntmpfs        tmpfs    921M     0  921M   0% /dev\nshm          tmpfs     64M     0   64M   0% /dev/shm\n/dev/vda1      xfs     20G   13G  6.9G  66% /etc/resolv.conf\n/dev/vda1      xfs     20G   13G  6.9G  66% /etc/hostname\n/dev/vda1      xfs     20G   13G  6.9G  66% /etc/hosts\ntmpfs        tmpfs    921M     0  921M   0% /run/secrets\ntmpfs        tmpfs    921M     0  921M   0% /proc/kcore\n```\n\n宿主机中的分区大小信息：\n\n```\n[root@10-10-63-106 ~]# df -lhT\nFilesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on\n/dev/vda1      xfs        20G   13G  6.9G  65% /\ndevtmpfs       devtmpfs  916M     0  916M   0% /dev\ntmpfs          tmpfs     921M     0  921M   0% /dev/shm\ntmpfs          tmpfs     921M   89M  832M  10% /run\ntmpfs          tmpfs     921M     0  921M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup\n/dev/vdb       xfs       100G   33M  100G   1% /data\n```\n\n### 4、总结一下，搞成个脚本来执行\n\n```\n#备份fstab文件\nsudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.$(date +%Y-%m-%d)\n\n#停止docker\nsudo service docker stop\n\n#/data/docker/为目标路径，根据机器情况设定。\nexport DOCKER_PATH=/data/docker/\n\n#用rsync同步/var/lib/docker到新位置\nrsync -aXS /var/lib/docker/.  $DOCKER_PATH\n\necho $DOCKER_PATH /var/lib/docker  none bind 0 0 >> /etc/fstab\nmount –a\ndf -h\n```\n\n把上面的保存为脚本，修改里面的路径，然后添加执行权限，执行即可。\n\n然后重启docker(sudo service docker start)，镜像存储就使用新的路径了。\n\n \n\n挂载新的文件目录还可以使用软连接 ln /var/lib/docker /targetpath/docker，或者使用Docker启动参数-g path来完成。","/article/70",4644,"2018-10-23 16:53:12","2018-10-23 16:54:56",[156,157,158],{"id":39,"name":81,"url":82},{"id":46,"name":64,"url":66},{"id":145,"name":146,"url":151},{"create_time":6,"description":6,"id":46,"image_url":6,"index_template":52,"is_cover":53,"is_menu":53,"keywords":6,"list_template":54,"model_code":55,"model_id":56,"model_name":57,"name":64,"parent_id":39,"seo_description":6,"seo_keywords":6,"seo_title":6,"show_template":58,"sort":65,"subtitle":6,"update_time":6,"url":66},{"title":161,"url":162},"kubernetes 1.12.1 高可用安装之系统环境初始化","/article/73",{"title":164,"url":165},"Docker 推荐的启动方式","/article/61",[167,168,169,170],{"create_time":6,"description":6,"id":44,"image_url":6,"index_template":52,"is_cover":53,"is_menu":53,"keywords":6,"list_template":54,"model_code":55,"model_id":56,"model_name":57,"name":23,"parent_id":39,"seo_description":6,"seo_keywords":6,"seo_title":6,"show_template":58,"sort":53,"subtitle":6,"update_time":6,"url":59},{"create_time":6,"description":6,"id":45,"image_url":6,"index_template":52,"is_cover":53,"is_menu":53,"keywords":6,"list_template":54,"model_code":55,"model_id":56,"model_name":57,"name":61,"parent_id":39,"seo_description":6,"seo_keywords":6,"seo_title":6,"show_template":58,"sort":56,"subtitle":6,"update_time":6,"url":62},{"create_time":6,"description":6,"id":46,"image_url":6,"index_template":52,"is_cover":53,"is_menu":53,"keywords":6,"list_template":54,"model_code":55,"model_id":56,"model_name":57,"name":64,"parent_id":39,"seo_description":6,"seo_keywords":6,"seo_title":6,"show_template":58,"sort":65,"subtitle":6,"update_time":6,"url":66},{"create_time":6,"description":6,"id":47,"image_url":6,"index_template":52,"is_cover":53,"is_menu":53,"keywords":6,"list_template":54,"model_code":55,"model_id":56,"model_name":57,"name":68,"parent_id":39,"seo_description":6,"seo_keywords":6,"seo_title":6,"show_template":58,"sort":69,"subtitle":6,"update_time":6,"url":70},{"description":148,"keywords":147,"title":146},[173,182,191,200,209,216,225,234,243,251],{"id":174,"category_id":44,"title":175,"keywords":176,"description":177,"image_url":6,"url":178,"hits":179,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":180,"update_time":181},101,"开启 HTTPS 并获得 ssllabs 满分的过程","开启,获得,满分,过程","准备工作确保你要申请证书的域名都解析到了这台服务器上，且能直接通过域名访问。使用官网推荐的CertBot获取证书。在CertBot官网选择一下环境(比如我选Nginx on Ubuntu 17.04)就可以看到入门教程了。安装CertBot12345apt-get updateapt-get install software-properties-commonadd-apt-repository ppa:certbot/certbotapt-get updateapt-get","/article/101",18546,"2019-11-26 16:12:11","2019-11-26 16:23:16",{"id":183,"category_id":44,"title":184,"keywords":185,"description":186,"image_url":6,"url":187,"hits":188,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":189,"update_time":190},113,"在CentOS 7中添加命令自动补全功能","命令自动补全,centos","在CentOS 7中，默认情况下并不会安装命令补全包，需要手动安装才能使用命令补全功能。以下是在CentOS 7中安装命令补全包的方法：1. bash-completion：这是一个针对Bash shell的命令补全软件包，可以提供对系统命令、用户自定义命令和文件路径的自动补全功能。可以通过以下命令安装：```sudo yum install bash-completion```安装完成后，需要在/etc/profile配置文件中添加以下内容：```if [ -f /etc/bash_compl","/article/113",14948,"2023-05-16 10:54:01","2023-05-16 10:57:28",{"id":192,"category_id":44,"title":193,"keywords":194,"description":195,"image_url":6,"url":196,"hits":197,"is_recommend":53,"is_top":73,"create_time":198,"update_time":199},94,"Centos7 安装 openvas ","openvas,开放式漏洞评估系统，installing openvas centos-7","一、描述OpenVAS，即开放式漏洞评估系统，是一个用于评估目标漏洞的杰出框架。功能十分强大，最重要的是，它是“开源”的——就是免费的意思啦～它与著名的Nessus“本是同根生”，在Nessus商业化之后仍然坚持开源，号称“当前最好用的开源漏洞扫描工具”。最新版的Kali Linux(kali 3.0)不再自带OpenVAS了，所以我们要自己部署OpenVAS漏洞检测系统。其核心部件是一个服务器，包括一套网络漏洞测试程序，可以检测远程系统和应用程序中的安全问题。但是它的最常用用途是检测目标网络或","/article/94",14690,"2019-01-14 17:43:42","2019-01-14 18:16:36",{"id":201,"category_id":44,"title":202,"keywords":203,"description":204,"image_url":6,"url":205,"hits":206,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":207,"update_time":208},99,"Centos7 利用iptables防止nmap工具防端口扫描","iptables","一、Nmap介绍       Nmap（NetworkMapper）是一款开放源代码的网络探测和安全审核工具。它用于快速扫描一个网络和一台主机开放的端口，还能使用TCP/IP协议栈特征探测远程主机的操作系统类型。nmap支持很多扫描技术，例如：UDP、TCPconnect()、TCPSYN(半开扫描)、ftp代理(bounce攻击)、反向标志、ICMP、FIN、ACK扫描、圣诞树(XmasTree)、SYN扫描和null扫描。Nmap最初是用于Unix系统","/article/99",14415,"2019-07-09 21:27:00","2019-07-09 21:57:53",{"id":210,"category_id":46,"title":164,"keywords":211,"description":212,"image_url":6,"url":165,"hits":213,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":214,"update_time":215},61,"推荐,启动,方式","# cat DockerfileFROM openjdk:8-alpineWORKDIR /ADD ./target/*.jar app.jarEXPOSE 9999COPY docker-entrypoint.sh /RUN chmod +x /docker-entrypoint.shENTRYPOINT [“/docker-entrypoint.sh”]CMD [“java”,”-server”,”-Duser.timezone=GMT+08″,”-jar”,”/app.jar”]# cat",14347,"2018-10-22 13:55:47","2018-10-22 13:56:10",{"id":217,"category_id":44,"title":218,"keywords":219,"description":220,"image_url":6,"url":221,"hits":222,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":223,"update_time":224},107,"Acme.sh 给 SSL 证书自动续期失败的解决方法","HTTP/1.1 200 OK,Server: Bayou Tech Web Srv 1.0,Content-Encoding: none,Content-Length: 5,Content-Type","一、Acme.sh 自动续期失败的症状问题描述如下，续期的时候，提示如下错误：root@dc:~# \"/data/acme.sh\"/acme.sh --cron --home \"/data/acme.sh\" > /dev/null[Sun Nov 10 23:52:17 CST 2020] Error, can not get domain token entry example.com[Sun Nov 10 23:52:17 CST 2020] Please check log file","/article/107",12618,"2021-09-03 10:44:18","2021-09-03 10:46:23",{"id":226,"category_id":44,"title":227,"keywords":228,"description":229,"image_url":6,"url":230,"hits":231,"is_recommend":53,"is_top":73,"create_time":232,"update_time":233},93,"ELK+Filebeat+Kafka+ZooKeeper 构建海量日志分析平台","Filebeat,Kafka","一、说明1.Filebeat是一个日志文件托运工具，在你的服务器上安装客户端后，filebeat会监控日志目录或者指定的日志文件，追踪读取这些文件（追踪文件的变化，不停的读）2.Kafka是一种高吞吐量的分布式发布订阅消息系统，它可以处理消费者规模的网站中的所有动作流数据3.Logstash是一根具备实时数据传输能力的管道，负责将数据信息从管道的输入端传输到管道的输出端；与此同时这根管道还可以让你根据自己的需求在中间加上滤网，Logstash提供里很多功能强大的滤网以满足你的各种应用场景4.El","/article/93",12190,"2018-12-24 16:40:08","2018-12-26 11:53:38",{"id":235,"category_id":46,"title":236,"keywords":237,"description":238,"image_url":6,"url":239,"hits":240,"is_recommend":53,"is_top":73,"create_time":241,"update_time":242},81,"kubernetes 1.12.1 高可用安装之部署Dashboard","安装Dashboard","创建Dashboard需要CoreDNS部署成功之后再安装Dashboard。[root@master01 ~]# wget https://zhl123.com/download/k8s/Dashboard.tgz[root@master01 ~]# tar xf Dashboard.tgz[root@master01 ~]# kubectl create -f Dashboard/[root@master01 Dashboard]# kubectl get svc -n kube-syste","/article/81",12037,"2018-10-26 09:54:41","2018-10-26 16:59:19",{"id":244,"category_id":44,"title":245,"keywords":6,"description":246,"image_url":6,"url":247,"hits":248,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":249,"update_time":250},100,"用 Nginx 给 Cookie 增加 Secure 和 HttpOnly","在 nginx 的 location 中配置12# 只支持 proxy 模式下设置，SameSite 不需要可删除，如果想更安全可以把 SameSite 设置为 Strictproxy_cookie_path / \"/; httponly; secure; SameSite=Lax\";示例1234567891011121314151617181920212223242526server {    listen 443 ssl http2;    server_name www.zhl123.cn","/article/100",11848,"2019-11-26 16:10:57","2019-11-26 16:23:45",{"id":252,"category_id":44,"title":253,"keywords":254,"description":255,"image_url":6,"url":256,"hits":257,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":258,"update_time":259},41,"Tomcat 安全配置与性能优化","tomcat，性能优化","1. JVM 1.1. 使用 Server JRE 替代JDK。 服务器上不要安装JDK，请使用 Server JRE. 服务器上根本不需要编译器，代码应该在Release服务器上完成编译打包工作。 理由：一旦服务器被控制，可以防止在其服务器上编译其他恶意代码并植入到你的程序中。 1.2. JAVA_OPTS export JAVA_OPTS=\"-server -Xms512m -Xmx4096m  -XX:PermSize=64M -","/article/41",11623,"2016-09-01 17:06:36","2018-10-18 17:06:58",[261,269,277,285,293,301,309,317,326,335],{"id":262,"category_id":40,"title":263,"keywords":6,"description":264,"image_url":6,"url":265,"hits":266,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":267,"update_time":268},123,"Agent Skill 精选集：最值得收藏的 Agent Skills Top 10","如果你正在用 Claude Code 或 Codex，一定对 Agent Skills 不陌生。通过安装 Agent Skills，你可以让这些 AI 助手变得更强——不用每次都解释你的需求，它们直接就知道该怎么做。最近有人在 GitHub 上做了一个采样调查，统计了哪些 Skills 的质量最佳和最受欢迎。我整理了这份 Top 10 榜单，加上使用场景和适合人群，帮你快速找到最有用的那几个。Top 10 最受欢迎的 Agent Skills1. Skil","/article/123",270,"2026-01-19 18:49:12","2026-01-19 18:52:01",{"id":270,"category_id":44,"title":271,"keywords":6,"description":272,"image_url":6,"url":273,"hits":274,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":275,"update_time":276},122,"Nginx性能调优18条黄金法则：支撑10万并发的配置模板","一、概述1.1 背景介绍说实话，Nginx调优这事儿我踩过无数坑。记得2019年双11，我们电商平台流量暴涨，Nginx直接扛不住了，QPS从平时的2万飙升到8万，响应时间从50ms飙到了2秒，最后还是靠临时加机器扛过去的。那次事故之后，我花了大半年时间专门研究Nginx的性能极限，总结出了这20条黄金法则。Nginx作为目前最流行的Web服务器和反向代理，官方数据显示单机可以轻松处理10万+的并发连接。但实际生产环境中，很多同学拿到默认配置就直接上了，结果发现连1万并发都扛不住。问题不在Ngi","/article/122",337,"2026-01-12 11:11:50","2026-01-12 11:12:28",{"id":278,"category_id":46,"title":279,"keywords":6,"description":280,"image_url":6,"url":281,"hits":282,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":283,"update_time":284},121,"Docker 镜像优化与安全扫描：将镜像体积压缩 70%","1. 适用场景 & 前置条件项目要求适用场景容器化应用镜像体积过大（> 500MB），构建时间长（> 10分钟），存在安全漏洞（CVE高危）OSRHEL/CentOS 7.9+ 或 Ubuntu 20.04+内核Linux Kernel 3.10+软件版本Docker 20.10+ 或 Podman 3.0+，Trivy 0.40+（安全扫描工具）资源规格2C4G（最小）/ 4C8G（推荐），磁盘 50GB+（存储镜像与缓存）网络可访问 Docker Hub/阿里云镜像仓库（","/article/121",309,"2026-01-06 11:54:35","2026-01-06 12:01:59",{"id":286,"category_id":44,"title":287,"keywords":6,"description":288,"image_url":6,"url":289,"hits":290,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":291,"update_time":292},120,"用 Prometheus Recording Rules 把告警噪声砍掉 70%(二)","五、故障排查和监控5.1 故障排查◆ 5.1.1 日志查看# 查看 Prometheus 日志中的规则评估错误journalctl -u prometheus | grep -i \"rule\" | tail -50# 查看规则评估耗时curl -s http://localhost:9090/api/v1/rules | jq '.data.groups[].rules[] | select(.health != \"ok\")'# Kubernet","/article/120",282,"2026-01-06 11:53:50","2026-01-06 11:54:33",{"id":294,"category_id":44,"title":295,"keywords":6,"description":296,"image_url":6,"url":297,"hits":298,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":299,"update_time":300},119,"用 Prometheus Recording Rules 把告警噪声砍掉 70%(一)","一、概述1.1 背景介绍在大规模微服务架构下，Prometheus 告警系统往往会陷入一个尴尬的境地：告警太多，运维团队开始选择性忽略；告警太少，真正的故障又可能漏掉。我在某电商平台负责监控体系建设时，团队每天要处理超过 2000 条告警，其中 70% 以上是重复的、关联的或者短暂抖动产生的噪声。Recording Rules 是 Prometheus 提供的预计算机制，可以将复杂的查询表达式预先计算并存储为新的时间序列。通过合理设计 Recording Rules，我们不仅能显著降低 Prom","/article/119",301,"2026-01-06 11:51:58","2026-01-06 11:53:45",{"id":302,"category_id":44,"title":303,"keywords":6,"description":304,"image_url":6,"url":305,"hits":306,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":307,"update_time":308},118,"GitOps 落地实践：ArgoCD + Kustomize 实现声明式基础设施管理(二)","四、最佳实践和注意事项4.1 最佳实践4.1.1 性能优化优化点一：减少 Git 轮询频率# argocd-cm ConfigMapapiVersion: v1kind: ConfigMapmetadata:  name: argocd-cm  namespace: argocddata:  timeout.reconciliation: 300s  # 默认 180","/article/118",305,"2026-01-06 11:49:00","2026-01-06 11:49:34",{"id":310,"category_id":44,"title":311,"keywords":6,"description":312,"image_url":6,"url":313,"hits":314,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":315,"update_time":316},117,"GitOps 落地实践：ArgoCD + Kustomize 实现声明式基础设施管理(一)","一、概述1.1 背景介绍GitOps 作为云原生时代的运维范式，将 Git 作为基础设施和应用配置的单一事实来源，通过声明式配置和自动化同步机制，实现了配置管理的版本控制、审计追溯和快速回滚。ArgoCD 作为 CNCF 毕业项目，提供了完整的 GitOps 工作流，支持多集群管理、RBAC 权限控制、SSO 集成等企业级特性。结合 Kustomize 的配置管理能力，能够优雅地解决多环境配置差异、敏感信息管理、配置复用等问题。在传统的 CI/CD 流程中，往往由 CI 工具直接执行 kubec","/article/117",310,"2026-01-06 11:45:03","2026-01-06 11:48:56",{"id":318,"category_id":40,"title":319,"keywords":320,"description":321,"image_url":6,"url":322,"hits":323,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":324,"update_time":325},116,"运维部门年度2025工作总结与2026工作规划应该如何写？","运维部门年度2025工作总结,2026工作规划","2025年，运维部在公司“数字化转型深化”战略引领下，以“稳定为基、效率为纲、安全为盾、创新为翼”为核心导向，全面支撑核心业务系统运行、推动技术架构迭代、强化团队能力建设。 全年实现核心业务系统可用性99.985%，较2024年提升0.02个百分点；故障平均恢复时间（MTTR）从42分钟压缩至29分钟，下降31%；云资源成本同比降低16.8%，自动化运维覆盖率从65%提升至83%，未发生重大生产安全事故，圆满完成年度目标。现将全年工作及2026年规划汇报如下：2025年核心工作成果（数","/article/116",297,"2026-01-06 11:20:58","2026-01-06 11:44:04",{"id":327,"category_id":40,"title":328,"keywords":329,"description":330,"image_url":6,"url":331,"hits":332,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":333,"update_time":334},115,"Kubernetes 100个常用命令","100 个 Kubectl 命令","这篇文章是关于使用 Kubectl 进行 Kubernetes 诊断的指南。列出了 100 个 Kubectl 命令，这些命令对于诊断 Kubernetes 集群中的问题非常有用。这些问题包括但不限于：• 集群信息• Pod 诊断• 服务诊断• 部署诊断• 网络诊断• 持久卷和持久卷声明诊断• 资源使用情况• 安全和授权• 节点故障排除• 其他诊断命令：文章还提到了许多其他命令，如资源扩展和自动扩","/article/115",3642,"2023-11-02 14:09:30","2023-11-02 14:10:05",{"id":183,"category_id":44,"title":184,"keywords":185,"description":186,"image_url":6,"url":187,"hits":188,"is_recommend":73,"is_top":73,"create_time":189,"update_time":190},1784716028679]